Constraint-based code block interleaver for data aided receivers

ABSTRACT

Methods related to wireless communication systems and the transmission of code blocks on such systems are provided. A wireless communication device interleaves a plurality of code block segments in time and frequency. The segments are interleaved by mapping a first code block segment of the plurality of code block segments to a first resource located at a first time and a first frequency, wherein the first code block segment is associated with a first code block, and mapping a second code block segment of the plurality of code block segments to a second resource based on at least one of the first time or the first frequency of the first resource and a code block proximity parameter, wherein the second code block segment is associated with a second code block different from the first code block. The device then transmits the plurality of interleaved code block segments. Other features are also claimed and described.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The technology described below relates generally to wirelesscommunication systems, and more particularly to code block transmissionsin wireless communication systems. Certain embodiments can enable andprovide techniques allowing a communication device (e.g., user equipmentdevices or base stations) to transmit code blocks with time diversityand frequency diversity while assisting a reencoding receiving device indata-aided channel estimation and reception.

INTRODUCTION

Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide varioustypes of communication content such as voice, video, packet data,messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable ofsupporting communication with multiple users by sharing the availablesystem resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). A wirelessmultiple-access communications system may include a number of basestations (BSs), each simultaneously supporting communications formultiple communication devices (e.g., user equipment (UE)).

To meet the growing demands for expanded mobile broadband connectivity,wireless communication technologies are advancing from the long termevolution (LTE) technology to a next generation new radio (NR)technology, which may be referred to as 5th Generation (5G). Forexample, NR is designed to provide a lower latency, a higher bandwidthor a higher throughput, and a higher reliability than LTE. NR isdesigned to operate over a wide array of spectrum bands, for example,from low-frequency bands below about 1 gigahertz (GHz) and mid-frequencybands from about 1 GHz to about 6 GHz, to high-frequency bands such asmillimeter wave (mmWave) bands. NR is also designed to operate acrossdifferent spectrum types, from licensed spectrum to unlicensed andshared spectrum. As use cases and diverse deployment scenarios continueto expand in wireless communication, coding technique improvements mayalso yield benefits.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF SOME EXAMPLES

The following summarizes some aspects of the present disclosure toprovide a basic understanding of the discussed technology. This summaryis not an extensive overview of all contemplated features of thedisclosure and is intended neither to identify key or critical elementsof all aspects of the disclosure nor to delineate the scope of any orall aspects of the disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present someconcepts of one or more aspects of the disclosure in summary form as aprelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

Some aspects of the present disclosure enable and provide mechanisms andtechniques enabling improved communication and operational performance.Such improvements may be brought about via disclosed aspects,embodiments, and techniques providing time diversity and/or frequencydiversity in code block transmissions. Aspects can provide assistance toand enable a reencoding receiver for data-aided channel estimation andreception. A reencoding receiver may refer to a receiver that reencodesdata decoded from a signal received from a transmitter using the sameencoding and modulation process as the transmitter. The reencodingreceiver may utilize the reencoded signal as a reference signal forchannel estimation in subsequent data decoding. For example, atransmitter may map code blocks to time and/or frequency resources byinterleaving code block segments (e.g., based on a code block proximityparameter). Further in some aspects, a transmitter can distribute codeblock segments within a code block across time and frequency within anallocated resource for time diversity and/or frequency diversity. A codeblock proximity parameter may constrain placements (e.g., positions) ofcode block segments in various ways to facilitate reencoding at arespective receiver for channel estimation. The code block proximityparameter may include a time and/or frequency offset that constrains theplacement of code block segments from adjacent code blocks. For example,the code block proximity parameter may indicate that the code blocksegments should be placed no more than one symbol period apart and/or nomore than three subcarriers apart.

In an aspect of the disclosure, a method of wireless communicationincludes interleaving, by a first wireless communication device, aplurality of code block segments in time and frequency. The interleavingmay include mapping a first code block segment of the plurality of codeblock segments to a first resource located at a first time and a firstfrequency. The first code block segment is associated with a first codeblock. The method may also include mapping a second code block segmentof the plurality of code block segments to a second resource based on atleast one of the first time or the first frequency of the first resourceand a code block proximity parameter. The second code block segment isassociated with a second code block different from the first code block.The method may also include transmitting, by the first wirelesscommunication device, the plurality of interleaved code block segments.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, a method of wirelesscommunication includes receiving, by a first wireless communicationdevice, a plurality of code block segments interleaved in time andfrequency. The method may also include decoding, by the first wirelesscommunication device, the plurality of code block segments. Decoding theplurality of code block segments may include decoding a first subset ofthe plurality of code block segments from first resources at a firsttime and a first frequency. The first subset of the plurality of codeblock segments is associated with a first code block. Decoding theplurality of code block segments may also include decoding a secondsubset of the plurality of code block segments from second resourcesbased on the first time and the first frequency of the first resourcesand a code block proximity parameter. The second subset of the pluralityof code block segments is associated with a second code block.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus includes aprocessor configured to interleave a plurality of code block segments intime and frequency. The processor is configured to perform theinterleaving by mapping a first code block segment of the plurality ofcode block segments to a first resource located at a first time and afirst frequency. The first code block segment is associated with a firstcode block. The processor is also configured to perform the interleavingby mapping a second code block segment of the plurality of code blocksegments to a second resource based on at least one of the first time orthe first frequency of the first resource and a code block proximityparameter. The second code block segment is associated with a secondcode block different from the first code block. The apparatus may alsoinclude a transceiver configured to transmit the plurality ofinterleaved code block segments.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus comprises atransceiver configured to receive a plurality of code block segmentsinterleaved in time and frequency and a processor configured to decodethe plurality of code block segments. The processor is configured todecode the plurality of code block segments by decoding a first subsetof the plurality of code block segments from first resources at a firsttime and a first frequency. The first subset of the plurality of codeblock segments is associated with a first code block. The processor isalso configured to decode the plurality of code block segments bydecoding a second subset of the plurality of code block segments fromsecond resources based on the first time and the first frequency of thefirst resources and a code block proximity parameter. The second subsetof the plurality of code block segments is associated with a second codeblock.

Other aspects, features, and embodiments will become apparent to thoseof ordinary skill in the art, upon reviewing the following descriptionof specific, exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanyingfigures. While features may be discussed relative to certain embodimentsand figures below, all embodiments can include one or more of theadvantageous features discussed herein. In other words, while one ormore embodiments may be discussed as having certain advantageousfeatures, one or more of such features may also be used in accordancewith the various embodiments discussed herein. In similar fashion, whileexemplary embodiments may be discussed below as device, system, ormethod embodiments it should be understood that such exemplaryembodiments can be implemented in various devices, systems, and methods.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication network according to someaspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary base station (BS) according tosome aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary user equipment (UE) accordingto some aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a sequence diagram illustrating code block mapping methodaccording to some aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary code block mapping method according tosome aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6A illustrates an exemplary code block mapping method according tosome aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6B illustrates an exemplary code block mapping method according tosome aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of a communication method according to someaspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of a communication method according to someaspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a sequence diagram illustrating a communication methodaccording to some aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below, in connection with theappended drawings, is intended as a description of variousconfigurations and is not intended to represent the only configurationsin which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detaileddescription includes specific details for the purpose of providing athorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will beapparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may bepracticed without these specific details. In some instances, well-knownstructures and components are shown in block diagram form in order toavoid obscuring such concepts.

This disclosure relates generally to wireless communications systems,also referred to as wireless communications networks. In variousembodiments, the techniques and apparatus may be used for wirelesscommunication networks such as code division multiple access (CDMA)networks, time division multiple access (TDMA) networks, frequencydivision multiple access (FDMA) networks, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA)networks, single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks, LTE networks, GlobalSystem for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks, 5th Generation (5G) ornew radio (NR) networks, as well as other communications networks. Asdescribed herein, the terms “networks” and “systems” may be usedinterchangeably.

An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as evolved UTRA(E-UTRA), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, flash-OFDM and the like. UTRA, E-UTRA,and GSM are part of universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS). Inparticular, long term evolution (LTE) is a release of UMTS that usesE-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and LTE are described in documentsprovided from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project”(3GPP), and cdma2000 is described in documents from an organizationnamed “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2). These variousradio technologies and standards are known or are being developed. Forexample, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is acollaboration between groups of telecommunications associations thataims to define a globally applicable third generation (3G) mobile phonespecification. 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) is a 3GPP project whichwas aimed at improving the UMTS mobile phone standard. The 3GPP maydefine specifications for the next generation of mobile networks, mobilesystems, and mobile devices. The present disclosure is concerned withthe evolution of wireless technologies from LTE, 4G, 5G, NR, and beyondwith shared access to wireless spectrum between networks using acollection of new and different radio access technologies or radio airinterfaces.

In particular, 5G networks contemplate diverse deployments, diversespectrum, and diverse services and devices that may be implemented usingan OFDM-based unified, air interface. In order to achieve these goals,further enhancements to LTE and LTE-A are considered in addition todevelopment of the new radio technology for 5G NR networks. The 5G NRwill be capable of scaling to provide coverage (1) to a massive Internetof things (IoTs) with a ULtra-high density (e.g., ˜1M nodes/km²),ultra-low complexity (e.g., ˜10s of bits/sec), ultra-low energy (e.g.,˜10+ years of battery life), and deep coverage with the capability toreach challenging locations; (2) including mission-critical control withstrong security to safeguard sensitive personal, financial, orclassified information, ultra-high reliability (e.g., ˜99.9999%reliability), ultra-low latency (e.g., ˜1 ms), and users with wideranges of mobility or lack thereof and (3) with enhanced mobilebroadband including extreme high capacity (e.g., ˜10 Tbps/km²), extremedata rates (e.g., multi-Gbps rate, 100+ Mbps user experienced rates),and deep awareness with advanced discovery and optimizations.

A 5G NR communication system may be implemented to use optimizedOFDM-based waveforms with scalable numerology and transmission timeinterval (TTI). Additional features may also include having a common,flexible framework to efficiently multiplex services and features with adynamic, low-latency time division duplex (TDD)/frequency divisionduplex (FDD) design; and with advanced wireless technologies, such asmassive multiple input, multiple output (MIMO), robust millimeter wave(mmWave) transmissions, advanced channel coding, and device-centricmobility. Scalability of the numerology in 5G NR, with scaling ofsubcarrier spacing, may efficiently address operating diverse servicesacross diverse spectrum and diverse deployments. For example, in variousoutdoor and macro coverage deployments of less than 3 GHz FDD/TDDimplementations, subcarrier spacing may occur with 15 kHz, for exampleover 5, 10, 20 MHz, and the like bandwidth (BW). For other variousoutdoor and small cell coverage deployments of TDD greater than 3 GHz,subcarrier spacing may occur with 30 kHz over 80/100 MHz BW. For othervarious indoor wideband implementations, using a TDD over the unlicensedportion of the 5 GHz band, the subcarrier spacing may occur with 60 kHzover a 160 MHz BW. Finally, for various deployments transmitting withmmWave components at a TDD of 28 GHz, subcarrier spacing may occur with120 kHz over a 500 MHz BW.

The scalable numerology of the 5G NR facilitates scalable TTI fordiverse latency and quality of service (QoS) requirements. For example,shorter TTI may be used for low latency and high reliability, whilelonger TTI may be used for higher spectral efficiency. The efficientmultiplexing of long and short TTIs to allow transmissions to start onsymbol boundaries. 5G NR also contemplates a self-contained integratedsubframe design with UL/downlink scheduling information, data, andacknowledgement in the same subframe. The self-contained integratedsubframe supports communications in unlicensed or contention-basedshared spectrum, adaptive UL/downlink that may be flexibly configured ona per-cell basis to dynamically switch between UL and downlink to meetthe current traffic needs.

Various other aspects and features of the disclosure are furtherdescribed below. It should be apparent that the teachings herein may beembodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure,function, or both being disclosed herein is merely representative andnot limiting. Based on the teachings herein one of an ordinary level ofskill in the art should appreciate that an aspect disclosed herein maybe implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or moreof these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, anapparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using anynumber of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, such an apparatusmay be implemented or such a method may be practiced using otherstructure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition toor other than one or more of the aspects set forth herein. For example,a method may be implemented as part of a system, device, apparatus,and/or as instructions stored on a computer readable medium forexecution on a processor or computer. Furthermore, an aspect maycomprise at least one element of a claim.

In order to decode incoming signals, a receiver may account for signaldistortion and other adverse effects, such as signal attenuation,delays, and phase-shifts, during propagation from a transmitter, whichcan be accomplished through channel estimation. Channel estimation canbe performed using pilots or reference signals, which includepredetermined values (e.g., modulation symbols) known to both atransmitter and receiver. For instance, a transmitter may insert pilotsinto a data stream for transmission over a channel to a receiver. Thepredetermined values or the modulation symbols may be referred to aspilots. When a receiver receives a pilot signal, it may compare thevalue received in the signal to the value it expected to determine anestimate of the channel. The channel estimate can then be applied todemodulate the received signal for data decoding.

The number of pilots required to maintain an acceptable quality ofservice may vary with the characteristics of the channel used forcommunication. For example, a device undergoing rapid changes inposition, like a user equipment (UE) inside a moving vehicle, mayrequire a greater number of pilots to perform accurate channelestimation than would a stationary UE. To enable channel estimation fordata signals, pilots are typically interspersed in frequency and/or timewith data signals and require resources that would otherwise be used totransmit data. As a result, increasing the number of pilots that aretransmitted over a period of time increases the accuracy of the channelestimation process, but reduces the amount of data that can betransmitted over the same period. Conversely, reducing the number ofpilots transmitted over a period of time decreases the accuracy of thechannel estimation process, but increases the amount of data that can betransmitted over the same period.

One way to reduce pilots for accurate channel estimation is to use areencoding receiver. A reencoding receiver may refer to a receiver thatreencodes data decoded from a signal received from a transmitter usingthe same encoding and modulation process as the transmitter. Thereencoding can recreate or reconstruct a signal that may represent anoriginal transmitted signal (e.g., without any channel distortions orchannel effects). A recreated or reconstructed signal can function as apilot signal or a reference signal for channel estimation when decodinga subsequent data signal. For instance, a receiver can determine achannel estimate for a channel between a transmitter and a receiver bycomparing a received signal with a reconstructed signal. The channelestimate can be used for demodulating and decoding a subsequent secondsignal received from the transmitter. This can be repeated for asubsequent third received signal, where a channel estimate fordemodulating and decoding data from third received signal may bedetermined based on reencoding data decoded from the second receivedsignal, and so on. This technique can reduce or eliminate the need forpilots for the remainder of the transmission. The use of reencoded datadecoded from a received signal for subsequent data decoding may bereferred to as data-aided channel estimation and reception.

According to some wireless communication systems, a communication devicemay transmit data packets in the form of transport blocks. A transportblock may be partitioned into smaller blocks, which may be referred toas code blocks, before encoding, modulation, and resource mapping areapplied to generate a physical data signal for transmission. Forinstance, each code block may be encoded into encoded bits based on acertain coding scheme (e.g., convolutional encoding, low-density paritycheck (LDPC), polar encoding) and/or a certain coding rate. The encodedbits can be modulated based on a certain modulation scheme (e.g.,quadrature phase-shift-keying (QPSK), 16-quadrature-amplitude-modulation(16QAM), 64-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (64QAM), or 256QAM) intomodulation symbols. The modulation symbols may be mapped to a certaintime-frequency resource block based on a resource allocation. One way tomap the modulation symbols representing the code blocks to the resourcesis to utilize a frequency-first mapping scheme. For instance, a resourceblock may include a plurality of symbols in time, where each symbol mayinclude a plurality of subcarriers in frequency. A frequency-firstmapping first maps the modulation symbols to subcarriers within acurrent symbol and may continue to a next symbol when all subcarriersare mapped in the current symbol. In other words, the code blocks aremapped sequentially across frequency and then across time. For instance,a first code block may be mapped to the first two symbols of theresource block, and a second code block may be mapped to the next twosymbols of the resource block. As such, the frequency-first mapping mayprovide each code block transmission with frequency diversity but nottime diversity, and thus may not achieve a good performance.

One way to improve performance is to utilize a time-frequencyinterleaver to gain time diversity and frequency diversity. Forinstance, each code block may be further segmented into multiple codeblock segments and the code block segments may be distributednear-evenly across time and frequency in the resource block duringresource mapping. When code block segments are distributed across timeand frequency, code lock segments of a current code block can be faraway from code block segments of a previous block in time and/orfrequency. Thus, such an approach may be problematic for a reencodingreceiver because a current code block may rely on a channel estimatedetermined from a previous code block (e.g., reencoding data decodedfrom the previous code block). When the channel changes rapidly in timeand/or frequency, there is no guarantee that the channel estimated fromthe previous code block is representative of the channel when thecurrent code block is transmitted.

Various mechanisms and techniques for providing time diversity and/orfrequency diversity in code block transmissions are discussed herein.Some aspects enable multi-dimension diversity (e.g., time/frequency)while providing assistance to a reencoding receiver for data-aidedchannel estimation and reception. For example, a transmitter may mapcode blocks to time and/or frequency resources by interleaving codeblock segments. In some aspects, interleaving can be based on a codeblock proximity parameter. Additionally or alternatively, acommunication device (e.g., a transmitter) can interleave bydistributing code block segments within a code block across time andfrequency (e.g., within an allocated resource for time diversity andfrequency diversity).

A code block proximity parameter may constrain the placement (e.g.,positions) of code block segments in various ways. Such an approach canfacilitate reencoding at a respective receiver for channel estimation.For example, a placement constrained by the code block proximityparameter may ensure that code block segments of a current code blockare in close proximity (e.g., in time and/or frequency) to code blocksegments of a previous code block. For example, the code block proximityparameter may include a time offset (e.g., a time threshold) and/or afrequency offset (e.g., a frequency threshold).

Offsets in time and/or frequency may be utilized for a variety ofpurposes. For example, a time offset may indicate how many units oftime, e.g., symbols, a code block segment may be placed offset from adifferent code block segment, or provide a minimum, maximum, or range oftime units offset from a different code block segment. A frequencyoffset may indicate how far apart in a frequency band, for example, insubcarriers, a code block segment may be placed offset from a differentcode block segment, or the minimum or maximum such distance, or a rangeof acceptable distances. After interleaving, mapping, and/or placementof code block segments, interleaved code block segments may betransmitted using the time and frequency resources allocated to them(e.g., taking into account any offsets of interest).

Proximity parameters associated with code blocks may relate to offsetsin some deployments. For example, in some aspects, the code blockproximity parameter may include a frequency offset less than threesubcarriers. In some aspects, the code block proximity parameter mayinclude a time offset less than three symbol periods, or one symbolperiod. In some aspects, the code block proximity parameter may indicatefrequency and/or time offsets between code block segments of adjacentcode blocks in a sequence, or may indicate that two code block segmentsfrom different code blocks are to be placed adjacent to each other intime and/or frequency.

In some aspects, the code block segments may be transmitted using aphysical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) signal which does not include areference signal (e.g., pilot symbols).

A receiver receiving the code block segments may decode them by decodinga first subset of the code block segments associated with a first codeblock, then decoding a second subset of code block segments based on thetime and/or frequency locations of the code blocks in the first subsetand a code block proximity parameter.

In some aspects, the receiver may reencode the decoded first subset ofthe code block segments to generate a reference signal, then decode thesecond subset of code blocks based on the reference signal.

Aspects of the present disclosure can provide several benefits. Forexample, a reencoding receiver may rely on having the code block whosedata is being used for channel estimation in close proximity to the codeblock using its data for channel estimation, and a traditionaltime-frequency interleaver may not provide the required co-location ofcode blocks. Some constraint-based interleaving methods of thisdisclosure, however, can map code blocks across resources in time andfrequency—achieving a high degree of time/frequency diversity—whileplacing adjacent code blocks near each other. These approaches mayresult in increased performance over other code block mapping methods.Placing adjacent code blocks near each other in a data transmission cansupport a reencoding receiver to perform data-aided channel estimationand reception. This can help to reduce the number of pilots to beincluded in the data transmission or eliminating pilots from the datatransmission, and thus may improve spectral efficiency.

While aspects and embodiments are described in this application byillustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understandthat additional implementations and use cases may come about in manydifferent arrangements and scenarios. Innovations described herein maybe implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems,shapes, sizes, packaging arrangements. For example, embodiments and/oruses may come about via integrated chip embodiments and othernon-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles,communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment,retail/purchasing devices, medical devices, AI-enabled devices, etc.).While some examples may or may not be specifically directed to use casesor applications, a wide assortment of applicability of describedinnovations may occur. Implementations may range a spectrum fromchip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-levelimplementations and further to aggregate, distributed, or OEM devices orsystems incorporating one or more aspects of the described innovations.In some practical settings, devices incorporating described aspects andfeatures may also necessarily include additional components and featuresfor implementation and practice of claimed and described embodiments.For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarilyincludes a number of components for analog and digital purposes (e.g.,hardware components including antenna, RF-chains, power amplifiers,modulators, buffer, processor(s), interleaver, adders/summers, etc.). Itis intended that innovations described herein may be practiced in a widevariety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributedarrangements, end-user devices, etc. of varying sizes, shapes, andconstitution.

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication network 100 according tosome aspects of the present disclosure. The network 100 may be a 5Gnetwork. The network 100 includes a number of base stations (BSs) 105(individually labeled as 105 a, 105 b, 105 c, 105 d, 105 e, and 105 f)and other network entities. A BS 105 may be a station that communicateswith UEs 115 and may also be referred to as an evolved node B (eNB), anext generation eNB (gNB), an access point, and the like. Each BS 105may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to this particular geographic coveragearea of a BS 105 and/or a BS subsystem serving the coverage area,depending on the context in which the term is used.

ABS 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell or a smallcell, such as a pico cell or a femto cell, and/or other types of cell. Amacro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g.,several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEswith service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell, suchas a pico cell, would generally cover a relatively smaller geographicarea and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptionswith the network provider. A small cell, such as a femto cell, wouldalso generally cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home)and, in addition to unrestricted access, may also provide restrictedaccess by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in aclosed subscriber group (CSG), UEs for users in the home, and the like).A BS for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS. A BS for a smallcell may be referred to as a small cell BS, a pico BS, a femto BS or ahome BS. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the BSs 105 d and 105 e may beregular macro BSs, while the BSs 105 a-105 c may be macro BSs enabledwith one of three dimension (3D), full dimension (FD), or massive MIMO.The BSs 105 a-105 c may take advantage of their higher dimension MIMOcapabilities to exploit 3D beamforming in both elevation and azimuthbeamforming to increase coverage and capacity. The BS 105 f may be asmall cell BS which may be a home node or portable access point. A BS105 may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like)cells.

The network 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. Forsynchronous operation, the BSs may have similar frame timing, andtransmissions from different BSs may be approximately aligned in time.For asynchronous operation, the BSs may have different frame timing, andtransmissions from different BSs may not be aligned in time.

The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, andeach UE 115 may be stationary or mobile. UEs can take in a variety offorms and a range of form factors. A UE 115 may also be referred to as aterminal, a mobile station, a subscriber unit, a station, or the like. AUE 115 may be a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), awireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, atablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless localloop (WLL) station, or the like. In one aspect, a UE 115 may be a devicethat includes a Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC). In anotheraspect, a UE may be a device that does not include a UICC. In someaspects, the UEs 115 that do not include UICCs may also be referred toas IoT devices or internet of everything (IoE) devices. The UEs 115a-115 d are examples of mobile smart phone-type devices accessingnetwork 100. A UE 115 may also be a machine specifically configured forconnected communication, including machine type communication (MTC),enhanced MTC (eMTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and the like. The UEs 115e-115 h are examples of various machines configured for communicationthat access the network 100. The UEs 115 i-115 k are examples ofvehicles equipped with wireless communication devices configured forcommunication that access the network 100. A UE 115 may be able tocommunicate with any type of the BSs, whether macro BS, small cell, orthe like. In FIG. 1, a lightning bolt (e.g., communication links)indicates wireless transmissions between a UE 115 and a serving BS 105,which is a BS designated to serve the UE 115 on the downlink (DL) and/oruplink (UL), desired transmission between BSs 105, backhaultransmissions between BSs, or sidelink transmissions between UEs 115.

In operation, the BSs 105 a-105 c may serve the UEs 115 a and 115 busing 3D beamforming and coordinated spatial techniques, such ascoordinated multipoint (CoMP) or multi-connectivity. The macro BS 105 dmay perform backhaul communications with the BSs 105 a-105 c, as well assmall cell, the BS 105 f The macro BS 105 d may also transmits multicastservices which are subscribed to and received by the UEs 115 c and 115d. Such multicast services may include mobile television or streamvideo, or may include other services for providing communityinformation, such as weather emergencies or alerts, such as Amber alertsor gray alerts.

The BSs 105 may also communicate with a core network. The core networkmay provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking,Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, ormobility functions. At least some of the BSs 105 (e.g., which may be anexample of a gNB or an access node controller (ANC)) may interface withthe core network through backhaul links (e.g., NG-C, NG-U, etc.) and mayperform radio configuration and scheduling for communication with theUEs 115. In various examples, the BSs 105 may communicate, eitherdirectly or indirectly (e.g., through core network), with each otherover backhaul links (e.g., X1, X2, etc.), which may be wired or wirelesscommunication links.

The network 100 may also support mission critical communications withultra-reliable and redundant links for mission critical devices, such asthe UE 115 e, which may be a drone. Redundant communication links withthe UE 115 e may include links from the macro BSs 105 d and 105 e, aswell as links from the small cell BS 105 f Other machine type devices,such as the UE 115 f (e.g., a thermometer), the UE 115 g (e.g., smartmeter), and UE 115 h (e.g., wearable device) may communicate through thenetwork 100 either directly with BSs, such as the small cell BS 105 f,and the macro BS 105 e, or in multi-step-size configurations bycommunicating with another user device which relays its information tothe network, such as the UE 115 f communicating temperature measurementinformation to the smart meter, the UE 115 g, which is then reported tothe network through the small cell BS 105 f. The network 100 may alsoprovide additional network efficiency through dynamic, low-latencyTDD/FDD communications, such as V2V, V2X, C-V2X communications between aUE 115 i, 115 j, or 115 k and other UEs 115, and/orvehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications between a UE 115 i, 115j, or 115 k and a BS 105.

In some implementations, the network 100 utilizes OFDM-based waveformsfor communications. An OFDM-based system may partition the system BWinto multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonlyreferred to as subcarriers, tones, bins, or the like. Each subcarriermay be modulated with data. In some instances, the subcarrier spacingbetween adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number ofsubcarriers (K) may be dependent on the system BW. The system BW mayalso be partitioned into subbands. In other instances, the subcarrierspacing and/or the duration of TTIs may be scalable.

In some aspects, the BSs 105 can assign or schedule transmissionresources (e.g., in the form of time-frequency resource blocks (RB)) fordownlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmissions in the network 100. DLrefers to the transmission direction from a BS 105 to a UE 115, whereasUL refers to the transmission direction from a UE 115 to a BS 105. Thecommunication can be in the form of radio frames. A radio frame may bedivided into a plurality of subframes or slots, for example, about 10.Each slot may be further divided into mini-slots. In a FDD mode,simultaneous UL and DL transmissions may occur in different frequencybands. For example, each subframe includes a UL subframe in a ULfrequency band and a DL subframe in a DL frequency band. In a TDD mode,UL and DL transmissions occur at different time periods using the samefrequency band. For example, a subset of the subframes (e.g., DLsubframes) in a radio frame may be used for DL transmissions and anothersubset of the subframes (e.g., UL subframes) in the radio frame may beused for UL transmissions.

The DL subframes and the UL subframes can be further divided intoseveral regions. For example, each DL or UL subframe may havepre-defined regions for transmissions of reference signals, controlinformation, and data. Reference signals are predetermined signals thatfacilitate the communications between the BSs 105 and the UEs 115. Forexample, a reference signal can have a particular pilot pattern orstructure, where pilot tones may span across an operational BW orfrequency band, each positioned at a pre-defined time and a pre-definedfrequency. For example, a BS 105 may transmit cell specific referencesignals (CRSs) and/or channel state information—reference signals(CSI-RSs) to enable a UE 115 to estimate a DL channel. Similarly, a UE115 may transmit sounding reference signals (SRSs) to enable a BS 105 toestimate a UL channel. Control information may include resourceassignments and protocol controls. Data may include protocol data and/oroperational data. In some aspects, the BSs 105 and the UEs 115 maycommunicate using self-contained subframes. A self-contained subframemay include a portion for DL communication and a portion for ULcommunication. A self-contained subframe can be DL-centric orUL-centric. A DL-centric subframe may include a longer duration for DLcommunication than for UL communication. A UL-centric subframe mayinclude a longer duration for UL communication than for ULcommunication.

In some aspects, the network 100 may be an NR network deployed over alicensed spectrum. The BSs 105 can transmit synchronization signals(e.g., including a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondarysynchronization signal (SSS)) in the network 100 to facilitatesynchronization. The BSs 105 can broadcast system information associatedwith the network 100 (e.g., including a master information block (MIB),remaining system information (RMSI), and other system information (OSI))to facilitate initial network access. In some instances, the BSs 105 maybroadcast the PSS, the SSS, and/or the MIB in the form ofsynchronization signal block (SSBs) over a physical broadcast channel(PBCH) and may broadcast the RMSI and/or the OSI over a physicaldownlink shared channel (PDSCH).

In some aspects, a UE 115 attempting to access the network 100 mayperform an initial cell search by detecting a PSS from a BS 105. The PSSmay enable synchronization of period timing and may indicate a physicallayer identity value. The UE 115 may then receive a SSS. The SSS mayenable radio frame synchronization, and may provide a cell identityvalue, which may be combined with the physical layer identity value toidentify the cell. The PSS and the SSS may be located in a centralportion of a carrier or any suitable frequencies within the carrier.

After receiving the PSS and SSS, the UE 115 may receive a MIB. The MIBmay include system information for initial network access and schedulinginformation for RMSI and/or OSI. After decoding the MIB, the UE 115 mayreceive RMSI and/or OSI. The RMSI and/or OSI may include radio resourcecontrol (RRC) information related to random access channel (RACH)procedures, paging, control resource set (CORESET) for physical downlinkcontrol channel (PDCCH) monitoring, physical UL control channel (PUCCH),physical UL shared channel (PUSCH), power control, and SRS.

After obtaining the MIB, the RMSI and/or the OSI, the UE 115 can performa random access procedure to establish a connection with the BS 105. Therandom access procedure (or RACH procedure) may be a single or multiplestep process. In some examples, the random access procedure may be afour-step random access procedure. For example, the UE 115 may transmita random access preamble and the BS 105 may respond with a random accessresponse. The random access response (RAR) may include a detected randomaccess preamble identifier (ID) corresponding to the random accesspreamble, timing advance (TA) information, a UL grant, a temporarycell-radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI), and/or a backoffindicator. Upon receiving the random access response, the UE 115 maytransmit a connection request to the BS 105 and the BS 105 may respondwith a connection response. The connection response may indicate acontention resolution. In some examples, the random access preamble, theRAR, the connection request, and the connection response can be referredto as message 1 (MSG1), message 2 (MSG2), message 3 (MSG3), and message4 (MSG4), respectively. In some examples, the random access proceduremay be a two-step random access procedure, where the UE 115 may transmita random access preamble and a connection request in a singletransmission and the BS 105 may respond by transmitting a random accessresponse and a connection response in a single transmission.

After establishing a connection, the UE 115 and the BS 105 can enter anormal operation stage, where operational data may be exchanged. Forexample, the BS 105 may schedule the UE 115 for UL and/or DLcommunications. The BS 105 may transmit UL and/or DL scheduling grantsto the UE 115 via a PDCCH. Scheduling grants may be transmitted in theform of DL control information (DCI). The BS 105 may transmit a DLcommunication signal (e.g., carrying data) to the UE 115 via a PDSCHaccording to a DL scheduling grant. The UE 115 may transmit a ULcommunication signal to the BS 105 via a PUSCH and/or PUCCH according toa UL scheduling grant.

In some aspects, the network 100 may operate over a system BW or acomponent carrier (CC) BW. The network 100 may partition the system BWinto multiple BWPs (e.g., portions). A BS 105 may dynamically assign aUE 115 to operate over a certain BWP (e.g., a certain portion of thesystem BW). The assigned BWP may be referred to as the active BWP. TheUE 115 may monitor the active BWP for signaling information from the BS105. The BS 105 may schedule the UE 115 for UL or DL communications inthe active BWP. In some aspects, a BS 105 may assign a pair of BWPswithin the CC to a UE 115 for UL and DL communications. For example, theBWP pair may include one BWP for UL communications and one BWP for DLcommunications.

In some aspects, BSs 105 may transmit data signals to UEs 115 includingsequences of code blocks. The BSs 105 may generate the data signalsusing a constraint-based time-frequency code block interleaver. Forinstance, the BS 105 may transmit data in the form of transport blocks.The BS 105 may partition a transport block into code blocks, encode thecode blocks, and further partition the encoded code blocks into codeblock segments. The BS 105 may interleave the code block segments infrequency and time. Each code block may be positioned in proximity to aprevious code block, for example, to assist the UE 115 in performingdata-aided channel estimation and reception. For instance, the BS 105may map or place code block segments of a code block in an allocatedresource based on the location of code block segments of a previous codeblock sand a code block proximity parameter, and then transmit theinterleaved code block segments to the UE 115, for example, via a PDSCH.

Upon receiving one or more code block segments, a UE 115 may decode thecode block segments of a code block. Decoding can be based on thelocation of a previous code block and a code block proximity parameter.In some instances, the UE 115 may also employ a reencoding receiverscheme to reconstruct a reference signal by reencoding and remodulatinga code block recovered from a received data signal and utilize thereconstructed reference signal (e.g., an undistorted signal astransmitted at the BS 105) for channel estimation and decoding for anext code block in the received data signal. In other words, the UE 115may determine a channel estimate for each subsequent code block based ona previously decoded code block without having to rely pilots beingtransmitted along with the code blocks. As such, a BS 105 may reduce thenumber of pilots in a data transmission or eliminate pilots from theremaining data transmission. Mechanisms for performing constraint-basedtime-frequency interleaving/deinterleaving with support for data-aidedchannel estimation and reception are described in greater detail herein.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary BS 200 according to someaspects of the present disclosure. The BS 200 may be a BS 105 in thenetwork 100 as discussed above in FIG. 1. As shown, the BS 200 mayinclude a processor 202, a memory 204, a code block module 208, atransceiver 210 including a modem subsystem 212 and a RF unit 214, andone or more antennas 216. These elements may be in direct or indirectcommunication with each other, for example via one or more buses.

The processor 202 may have various features as a specific-typeprocessor. For example, these may include a CPU, a DSP, an ASIC, acontroller, a FPGA device, another hardware device, a firmware device,or any combination thereof configured to perform the operationsdescribed herein. The processor 202 may also be implemented as acombination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and amicroprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or moremicroprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration.

The memory 204 may include a cache memory (e.g., a cache memory of theprocessor 202), RAM, MRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, asolid state memory device, one or more hard disk drives, memristor-basedarrays, other forms of volatile and non-volatile memory, or acombination of different types of memory. In some aspects, the memory204 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The memory204 may store instructions 206. The instructions 206 may includeinstructions that, when executed by the processor 202, cause theprocessor 202 to perform operations described herein, for example,aspects of FIGS. 4-9. Instructions 206 may also be referred to asprogram code. The program code may be for causing a wirelesscommunication device to perform these operations, for example by causingone or more processors (such as processor 202) to control or command thewireless communication device to do so. The terms “instructions” and“code” should be interpreted broadly to include any type ofcomputer-readable statement(s). For example, the terms “instructions”and “code” may refer to one or more programs, routines, sub-routines,functions, procedures, etc. “Instructions” and “code” may include asingle computer-readable statement or many computer-readable statements.

The code block module 208 may be implemented via hardware, software, orcombinations thereof. For example, the code block module 208 may beimplemented as a processor, circuit, and/or instructions 206 stored inthe memory 204 and executed by the processor 202. In some examples, thecode block module 208 can be integrated within the modem subsystem 212.For example, the code block module 208 can be implemented by acombination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a generalprocessor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry)within the modem subsystem 212.

The code block module 208 may be used for various aspects of the presentdisclosure, for example, aspects of FIGS. 4-9. The code block module 208is configured to prepare DL data for transmission, for example, to a UE115. The DL data may be in the form of a transport block. The code blockmodule 208 is configured to partition the transport block into a numberof code blocks, encode the code blocks, partition the encoded codeblocks into code block segments. The encoding process may includeencoding a code block using a certain coding scheme (e.g., convolutionalcode, LDPC, or polar code), performing rate-matching based on a certaincode rate and generating modulation symbols from the encoded,rate-matched code block based on a certain modulation scheme (e.g.,QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM), or other encoding or modulation techniques.

The code block module 208 may also be configured to allocate time and/orfrequency resources (e.g., one or more RBs) for data transmission andmap the encoded code block segments into the time and/or frequencyresources. For instance, the code block module 208 is further configuredto map the code blocks segments by interleaving code block segmentsbased on a code block proximity parameter and the locations of codeblock segments associated with different code blocks. The code blockproximity parameter may constrain the placement of code block segmentsin various ways. For example, the code block proximity parameter mayinclude time and/or frequency offsets. A time offset may indicate howmany units of time, e.g., symbols, a code block segment may be placedfrom a different code block segment, or provide a minimum, maximum, orrange of time units away from a different code block segment. Similarly,a frequency offset may indicate how far apart in a frequency band, forexample, in subcarriers, a code block segment may be placed from adifferent code block segment, or the minimum or maximum such distance,or a range of acceptable distances.

The code block module 208 is further configured to transmit theinterleaved code block segments using the allocated time and frequencyresources, via the transceiver 210. For instance, the code block module208 is configured to generate a DL communication signal including aPDCCH signal and a PDSCH signal. The PDSCH signal may include theinterleaved code block segments. The PDCCH signal may include DL controlinformation (e.g., resource allocation information and coding/modulationparameters) associated with the transmission of the PDSCH signal. Insome instances, the code block module 208 may include pilot symbols inthe PDCCH signal, but may not include pilot symbols in the PDSCH signal.For instance, the code block module 208 may transmit the DLcommunication signal to a UE 115 configured with a reencoding receiverthat performs data-aided channel estimation and reception. In someinstances, when pilot symbols are included the PDDCH signal, they mayserve as a reference for phase tracking during channel estimation forthe PDSCH signal. For instance, depending on the placement orinterleaving of the code block segments in the PDSCH, some code blocksegments placed in a symbol that is distant from a previous code blockmay be at a close proximity to the PDCCH signal (e.g., in a symboladjacent to the PDCCH signal), and thus the PDCCH can serve as areference for channel estimation and decoding of such code blocksegments. In some other instances, the pilot symbols in the PDCCH signalmay not be used at a receiver for PDSCH channel estimation, for example,when the PDCCH signal and the PDSCH signal are transmitted in differentbeam directions.

In some aspects, the code block module 208 can be configured to handleproximity parameter operations. For example, the code block module canalso be configured to determine the code block proximity parameter,transmit a configuration of the code block proximity parameter to the UE115, for example, to facilitate data decoding at the UE 115. The codeblock module 208 may transmit the code block proximity parameter in a DLscheduling grant, a UL scheduling, and/or in an RRC configuration.Mechanisms for constraint-based code block time-frequency interleavingare described in greater detail herein.

As shown, the transceiver 210 may include the modem subsystem 212 andthe RF unit 214. The transceiver 210 can be configured to communicatebi-directionally with other devices, such as the UEs 115 and/or 300and/or another core network element. The modem subsystem 212 may beconfigured to modulate and/or encode data according to a MCS, e.g., aLDPC coding scheme, a turbo coding scheme, a convolutional codingscheme, a digital beamforming scheme, etc. The RF unit 214 may beconfigured to process (e.g., perform analog to digital conversion ordigital to analog conversion, etc.) modulated/encoded data (e.g., PDSCHsignal, PDCCH signal, DL data, scheduling grants, RRC configurations)from the modem subsystem 212 (on outbound transmissions) or oftransmissions originating from another source such as a UE 115 and/or UE300. The RF unit 214 may be further configured to perform analogbeamforming in conjunction with the digital beamforming. Although shownas integrated together in transceiver 210, the modem subsystem 212and/or the RF unit 214 may be separate devices that are coupled togetherat the BS 105 to enable the BS 105 to communicate with other devices.

The RF unit 214 may provide modulated and/or processed data, e.g. datapackets (or, more generally, data messages that may contain one or moredata packets and other information), to the antennas 216 fortransmission to one or more other devices. This may include, forexample, transmission of information to complete attachment to a networkand communication with a camped UE 115 or 300 according to some aspectsof the present disclosure. The antennas 216 may further receive datamessages transmitted from other devices and provide the received datamessages for processing and/or demodulation at the transceiver 210. Thetransceiver 210 may provide the demodulated and decoded data (e.g.,PUSCH signal, UL data) to the code block module 208 and configuredtransmission module 208 for processing. The antennas 216 may includemultiple antennas of similar or different designs to sustain multipletransmission links.

In an example, the code block module 208 is configured to interleave aplurality of code block segments in time and frequency. Interleaving caninclude mapping a first code block segment of the plurality of codeblock segments to a first resource located at a first time and a firstfrequency. A first code block segment can be associated with a firstcode block. The code block module 208 is also configured to map a secondcode block segment of the plurality of code block segments to a secondresource based on at least one of the first time or the first frequencyof the first resource and a code block proximity parameter. A secondcode block segment can be associated with a second code block differentfrom the first code block. The transceiver 210 is configured to transmitthe plurality of interleaved code block segments.

In an aspect, the BS 200 can include multiple transceivers 210implementing different RATs (e.g., NR and LTE). In an aspect, the BS 200can include a single transceiver 210 implementing multiple RATs (e.g.,NR and LTE). In an aspect, the transceiver 210 can include variouscomponents, where different combinations of components can implementdifferent RATs.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary UE 300 according to someaspects of the present disclosure. The UE 300 may be a UE 115 discussedabove in FIG. 1. As shown, the UE 300 may include a processor 302, amemory 304, a code block module 308, a transceiver 310 including a modemsubsystem 312 and a radio frequency (RF) unit 314, and one or moreantennas 316. These elements may be in direct or indirect communicationwith each other, for example via one or more buses.

The processor 302 may include a central processing unit (CPU), a digitalsignal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit(ASIC), a controller, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device,another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereofconfigured to perform the operations described herein. The processor 302may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., acombination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality ofmicroprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSPcore, or any other such configuration.

The memory 304 may include a cache memory (e.g., a cache memory of theprocessor 302), random access memory (RAM), magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM),read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasableprogrammable read only memory (EPROM), electrically erasableprogrammable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, solid state memorydevice, hard disk drives, other forms of volatile and non-volatilememory, or a combination of different types of memory. In an aspect, thememory 304 includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium. Thememory 304 may store, or have recorded thereon, instructions 306. Theinstructions 306 may include instructions that, when executed by theprocessor 302, cause the processor 302 to perform the operationsdescribed herein with reference to the UEs 115 in connection withaspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIGS. 4-9.Instructions 306 may also be referred to as program code, which may beinterpreted broadly to include any type of computer-readablestatement(s) as discussed above with respect to FIG. 2.

The code block module 308 may be implemented via hardware, software, orcombinations thereof. For example the code block module 308 may beimplemented as a processor, circuit, and/or instructions 306 stored inthe memory 304 and executed by the processor 302. In some examples, thecode block module 308 can be integrated within the modem subsystem 312.For example, the code block module 308 can be implemented by acombination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a generalprocessor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry)within the modem subsystem 312.

The code block module 308 may be used for various aspects of the presentdisclosure, for example, aspects of FIGS. 4-9. The code block module 308is configured to receive a data signal, for example, from a BS 105 or aBS 200. The data signal may include a plurality code block segmentsinterleaved in time and frequency. The plurality of code block segmentsare associated with a plurality code blocks. The code block module 308is configured to decode the plurality of code block segments by decodinga first subset of the plurality of code block segments from firstresources at a first time and a first frequency. A first subset of theplurality of code block segments can be associated with a first codeblock. The code block module 308 is also configured to decode a secondsubset of the plurality of code block segments from second resourcesbased on the first time and the first frequency of the first resourcesand a code block proximity parameter. A second subset of the pluralityof code block segments can be associated with a second code block.

In some aspects, the code block module 308 is also configured to performreencoding for data-aided channel estimation and reception. Forinstance, the code block module 308 is configured to reencode the firstsubset of code block segments decoded from the received signal using thesame encoding and modulation process as the BS 105 or 200 to reconstructa reference signal, determine a channel estimate based on thereconstructed reference signal, and decode the second subset of codeblock segments based on the channel estimate.

In some aspects, the code block module 308 is configured to receive acode block proximity parameter for decoding in an RRC configurationand/or a scheduling grant. Mechanisms for performing decoding based on acode block proximity parameter and data-aided channel estimation andreception are described in greater detail herein.

As shown, the transceiver 310 may include a modem subsystem 312 and anRF unit 314. The transceiver 310 can be configured to communicatebi-directionally with other devices, such as the BSs 105. The modemsubsystem 312 may be configured to modulate and/or encode the data fromthe memory 304 and/or the configured transmission module 507 accordingto a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), e.g., a low-density paritycheck (LDPC) coding scheme, a turbo coding scheme, a convolutionalcoding scheme, a digital beamforming scheme, etc. The RF unit 314 may beconfigured to process (e.g., perform analog to digital conversion ordigital to analog conversion, etc.) modulated/encoded data (e.g., PUSCHsignal, UL data) from the modem subsystem 312 (on outboundtransmissions) or of transmissions originating from another source suchas a UE 115 or a BS 105. The RF unit 314 may be further configured toperform analog beamforming in conjunction with the digital beamforming.Although shown as integrated together in transceiver 310, the modemsubsystem 312 and the RF unit 314 may be separate devices that arecoupled together at the UE 115 to enable the UE 115 to communicate withother devices.

The RF unit 314 may provide modulated and/or processed data, e.g. datapackets (or, more generally, data messages that may contain one or moredata packets and other information), to the antennas 316 fortransmission to one or more other devices. The antennas 316 may furtherreceive data messages transmitted from other devices. The antennas 316may provide the received data messages for processing and/ordemodulation at the transceiver 310. The transceiver 310 may provide thedemodulated and decoded data (e.g., PDSCH signal, PDCCH, DL data,scheduling grants, RRC configuration) to the configured transmissionmodule 507 for processing. The antennas 316 may include multipleantennas of similar or different designs in order to sustain multipletransmission links. The RF unit 314 may configure the antennas 316.

In an aspect, the UE 300 can include multiple transceivers 310implementing different RATs (e.g., NR and LTE). In an aspect, the UE 300can include a single transceiver 310 implementing multiple RATs (e.g.,NR and LTE). In an aspect, the transceiver 310 can include variouscomponents, where different combinations of components can implementdifferent RATs.

For simplicity, the BS 200 is illustrated as having a code block module208 (for code block generation and transmission) and the UE 300 isillustrated as having a code block module 308 (for code block receptionand decoding). Yet in practice, a BS may also have a code block modulesimilar to the code block module 308 (for code block reception anddecoding) and a UE may also have a code block module similar to the codeblock module 208 (for code block generation and transmission). Modulesmay be implemented via one or more circuits, software, or a combinationthereof.

FIG. 4 illustrates a code block mapping method 400 according to someaspects of the present disclosure. The method 400 may be performed by awireless communication device such as a BS 105 or a UE 115 using, forexample, the code block module 208 of FIG. 2. In particular, atransmitting device, which may be a BS 105 or a UE 115, may perform codeblock mapping during a data transmission as shown in the method 400.

At block 402, a transmitting device can partition data from a transportblock into a number of code blocks. The data may be received from anupper layer (e.g., a medium access control (MAC) layer). The number ofcode blocks may be dependent on the size of the transport block (e.g.,number of bytes), the encoding scheme to be used for encoding, andvarious other factors.

At block 404, a transmitting device encodes code blocks. Encoding mayoccur according to a certain data encoding scheme (e.g., a convolutionalcode, an LDPC code, or a polar code) and/or a certain coding rate (e.g.,1/2, 1/3, 2/3). The encoding may also include modulating the encodeddata bits in the code block into modulation symbols according to acertain modulation scheme (e.g., QPSK, 16QM, 64QAM, or 256QAM).

At block 406, a transmitting device partitions code blocks. Each codeblock can be partitioned into code block segments (e.g., about 2, 3, ormore).

At block 410, a transmitting device can map code block segments. Mappingcan map segments into frequency and time resources in preparation fortransmission.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary code block mapping method 500. Thevertical axis 540 represents frequency in an arbitrary unit, forexample, subcarriers, and the horizontal axis 542 represents time in anarbitrary unit, for example, symbol periods. The method 500 may beperformed by a wireless communication device such as a BS 105 or a UE115 using, for example, the code block module 208 of FIG. 2. Inparticular, a transmitting device, which may be a BS 105 or a UE 115,may perform code block mapping during a data transmission as shown inthe method 500. The method 500 may employ similar mechanisms as in themethod 400 to generate code block segments described above with respectto FIG. 4. The method 500 illustrates frequency-first mapping beingapplied to code block mapping.

In the illustrated example of FIG. 5, data 502 is formed into atransport block 504. The data 502 may be MAC layer data. The transportblock 504 is partitioned into a number of code blocks 508, 510, 512,514, 516, 518. The code blocks 508, 510, 512, 514, 516, 518 are furtherpartitioned into a number of code block segments 508 a, 508 b, 510 a,510 b, 512 a, 512 b, 514 a, 514 b, 516 a, 516 b, 518 a, 518 b, forexample, after encoding as described at block 406 of FIG. 4. The codeblock segments 508 a, 508 b, 510 a, 510 b, 512 a, 512 b, 514 a, 514 b,516 a, 516 b, 518 a, 518 b are mapped frequency-first, withoutinterleaving, into frequency and time resources, collectively shown as520.

The resources 520 may include a certain time period (e.g., in units ofsymbols) and a certain frequency bandwidth (e.g., in units of frequencytones). In some aspects, the resources 520 may be in units of RBs. Theresource 520 may span a transmission time interval (TTI), which is asmallest time unit for scheduling. The resources 520 may include a DLcontrol portion at the beginning of the resources 520 (e.g., shown asresources 522 and 524) and a data portion (e.g. shown as resources 526).In some aspects, each of the resources 522, 524, and 526 corresponds toone OFDM symbol. The control portion of the resources 520 may be usedfor carrying a PDCCH signal, which may include DL control information(e.g., a scheduling grant for the data portion). The data portion of theresources 520 may be used for carrying PDSCH data (e.g., code blocksegments 508 a, 508 b, 510 a, 510 b, 512 a, 512 b, 514 a, 514 b, 516 a,516 b, 518 a, 518 b).

Code block (CB) #0 segments 508 a and 508 b may be mapped to resources526 a and 526 b. For instance, the mapping may begin at resource 526 a,for example, from a lowest-frequency subcarrier to a highest-frequencysubcarrier or from a highest-frequency subcarrier to a lowest-frequencysubcarrier within the resource 526 a. When the resources 526 a is fullymapped, the mapping may begin at the next resource 526 b. The mappingmay continue for the remaining code block segments 510 a, 510 b, 512 a,512 b, 514 a, 514 b, 516 a, 516 b, 518 a, 518 b using substantiallysimilar mechanisms. For simplicity, code blocks are shown beingpartitioned into two segments, but may in practice be partitioned intoany number of segments.

Method 500 can enable a reeconding receiver to perform data-aidedchannel estimation, but its performance may be suboptimal. Ideally, amapping method would achieve time diversity by distributing code blocksegments of each code block across the timespan of the resources 520 ora TTI. Method 500, however, maps code block segments of each block(e.g., from code blocks 508-518) to a portion of time within thetimespan of the resources 520.

FIG. 6A is discussed in relation to FIG. 6B to illustrate an exemplarycode block mapping method 600 according to some aspects of the presentdisclosure. The vertical axis 640 represents frequency in an arbitraryunit, for example, subcarriers, and the horizontal axis 642 representstime in an arbitrary unit, for example, symbol periods. The method 600may be performed by a wireless communication device such as a BS 105 ora UE 115 using, for example, the code block module 208 of FIG. 2. Inparticular, a transmitting device, which may be a BS 105 or a UE 115,may perform code block mapping during a data transmission as shown inthe method 600. The method 600 may employ similar mechanisms as in themethod 400 to generate code block segments described above with respectto FIG. 4. The method 600 illustrates code block time-frequencyinterleaving with a code block proximity constraint.

In the illustrated example of FIG. 6A, data 602 is packaged in atransport block 604. The transport block 604 is partitioned into anumber of code blocks, 608, 610, 612, 614, 615, 616. The code blocks608, 610, 612, 614, 615, 616 are further partitioned into a number ofcode block segments, 608 a, 608 b, 610 a, 610 b, 612 a, 612 b, 614 a,614 b, 616 a, 616 b, 618 a, 618 b, for example, after encoding asdescribed at block 406 of FIG. 4. The code block segments, 608 a, 608 b,610 a, 610 b, 612 a, 612 b, 614 a, 614 b, 616 a, 616 b, 618 a, 618 b aremapped to time and frequency resources, collectively shown as 620. Thecode blocks 608, 610, 612, 614, 615, 616 are shown partitioned into twoor six segments, but in practice they may be partitioned into any numberof segments. Unlike in FIG. 5, the code block segments 608 a, 608 b, 610a, 610 b, 612 a, 612 b, 614 a, 614 b, 616 a, 616 b, 618 a, 618 b are notmapped frequency-first, but are instead interleaved across time andfrequency.

Code block segments 608 a, 608 b, 610 a, 610 b, 612 a, 612 b, 614 a, 614b, 616 a, 616 b, 618 a, 618 b may be interleaved based on a code blockproximity parameter and the locations of code block segments associatedwith different code blocks. The code block proximity parameter mayconstrain the placement of code block segments 608 a, 608 b, 610 a, 610b, 612 a, 612 b, 614 a, 614 b, 616 a, 616 b, 618 a, 618 b in variousways such that code block segments of each code block may be positionedin proximity to a code block segments of a previous code block. Forexample, the code block proximity parameter may include time and/orfrequency offsets. A time offset may indicate how many units of time,e.g., symbols, a code block segment may be placed from a different codeblock segment, or provide a minimum, maximum, or range of time unitsaway from a different code block segment. Similarly, a frequency offsetmay indicate how far apart in a frequency band, for example, insubcarriers, a code block segment may be placed from a different codeblock segment, or the minimum or maximum such distance, or a range ofacceptable distances. For example, if the code block proximity parameterindicates that adjacent code blocks (e.g., CB #1 610 and CB #0 608)should be near each other, then code block segments 610 a and 610 b,corresponding to CB #1 610, may be mapped to resources 628 a and 628 b,which are near resources 626 a and 626 b, where code block segments 608a and 608 b corresponding to CB #0 608 are mapped to.

The partitioning, encoding, and mapping may be performed by a code blockmodule 208, and the encoded code block segments may be transmitted by atransceiver 210. The encoded code block segments may be received by atransceiver 310, which may transfer the segments to a code block module308 for decoding.

FIG. 6B presents an expanded illustration of the same exemplary codeblock mapping method 600 illustrated in FIG. 6A. A code block proximityoffset may be defined in terms of a frequency offset 650 measured insubcarriers or other unit of frequency, and/or a time offset 652measured in symbols or another unit of time. In some aspects, to achievemaximum time and frequency diversity in a data transmission whilesatisfying a code block proximity constraint, first code block segments661-663 associated with code block 608 (shown by the vertical-stripepatterned boxes in FIG. 6B) may be placed diagonally across theallocated resource 620 and second code block segments 671-673 associatedwith an adjacent second code block 610 (shown by the horizontal-stripepatterned boxes in FIG. 6B) may be placed diagonally across theallocated resource 620 and offset from the first block segments 661-663.For instance, the code block segment 672 of the code block 610 is offsetfrom the code block segment 661 of the code block 608 in time by anoffset satisfying the code block proximity time offset 652. The codeblock segment 671 of the code block 610 is offset from the code blocksegment 661 of the code block 608 in frequency by an offset satisfyingthe code block proximity frequency offset 650. Additionally, to obtain adiagonal arrangement of code block segments 626 a and 626 b, the codeblock proximity frequency offset 650 and the code block proximity timeoffset 652 may be used to place code block segments of the code block608. For instance, the code block segment 661 and 662 of the code block608 are offset from each other by the time offset 652 and frequencyoffset 650

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of a communication method 700 according to someaspects of the present disclosure. Aspects of the method 700 can beexecuted by a computing device (e.g., a processor, processing circuit,and/or other suitable component) of a wireless communication device orother suitable means for performing the steps. For example, a wirelesscommunication device, such as the BS 105 or 200, may utilize one or morecomponents, such as the processor 202, the memory 204, the code blockmodule 208, the transceiver 210, the modem 212, and the one or moreantennas 216, to execute the steps of method 700. The method 700 mayemploy similar mechanisms as in methods 500 and 600 as described abovewith respect to FIGS. 5 and 6. As illustrated, the method 700 includes anumber of enumerated steps, but aspects of the method 700 may includeadditional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. Insome aspects, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted orperformed in a different order.

At block 702, a first wireless communication device interleaves aplurality of code block segments. In some instances, the first wirelesscommunication device may correspond to a BS (e.g., the BSs 105 and/or200). In some instances, the first wireless communication device mayutilize one or more components, such as the processor 202, the memory204, the code block module 208, the transceiver 210, and the modem 212to interleave the plurality of code block segments. The segments mayhave been partitioned from code blocks, themselves partitioned from atransport block as in FIG. 4. The interleaving is performed according toblocks 704 and 706.

At block 704, the device maps a first code block segment associated witha first code block to a first resource located at a time and frequencyas in, for example, FIGS. 6A and 6B.

At block 706, the device maps a second block segment associated with asecond code block to a second resource based on a code block proximityparameter and at least one of a time or a frequency of the first codeblock segment. The code block proximity parameter may constrain theplacement of code block segments in various ways. For example, the codeblock proximity parameter may include time and/or frequency offsets. Atime offset may indicate how many units of time (e.g., symbol periods) acode block segment may be placed from a different code block segment, orprovide a minimum, maximum, or range of time units away from a differentcode block segment. In some instances, the time offset may be onesymbol, or less than three symbol periods. Similarly, a frequency offsetmay indicate how far apart in a frequency band (e.g., in subcarriers) acode block segment may be placed from a different code block segment, orthe minimum or maximum such distance, or a range of acceptabledistances. In some instances, the frequency offset may be onesubcarrier, or less than three subcarriers. In some instances, the firstwireless communication device may utilize one or more components, suchas the processor 202, the memory 204, the code block module 208, thetransceiver 210, and the modem 212 to map the first and second codeblock segments.

At block 708, the device transmits the plurality of code block segments,using, for example, one or more of the processor 202, the memory 204,the code block module 208, the transceiver 210, or the one or moreantennas 216. The transmission may include a physical downlink sharedchannel (PDSCH) signal including the plurality of interleaved code blocksegments, but not including a reference signal.

In some instances, the plurality of code block segments of block 704 isassociated with a sequence of code blocks of a transport block, and thefrequency and/or time offsets may indicate the distance between adjacentcode blocks within the sequence of code blocks. In some instances,mapping the second code block segment associated with the second codeblock at block 706 is based on the second code block being adjacent tothe first code block in the sequence of code blocks.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of a communication method 800 according to someaspects of the present disclosure. Aspects of the method 800 can beexecuted by a computing device (e.g., a processor, processing circuit,and/or other suitable component) of a wireless communication device orother suitable means for performing the steps. For example, a wirelesscommunication device, such as the UE 115 or 300, may utilize one or morecomponents, such as the processor 302, the memory 304, the code blockmodule 308, the transceiver 310, the modem 312, or the one or moreantennas 316, to execute the steps of method 800. The method 800 mayemploy similar mechanisms as in methods 500 and 600 as described abovewith respect to FIGS. 6 and 7. As illustrated, the method 800 includes anumber of enumerated steps, but aspects of the method 800 may includeadditional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. Insome aspects, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted orperformed in a different order.

At block 802, a first wireless communication device receives a pluralityof interleaved code block segments. In some instances, the firstwireless communication device may correspond to a UE (e.g., the UEs 115and/or 300), and the device may utilize one or more components, such asthe processor 302, the memory 304, the code block module 308, thetransceiver 310, the modem 312, or the one or more antennas 316 toreceive the plurality of interleaved code block segments.

At block 804, the device decodes the plurality of code block segments.The decoding is performed according to blocks 806 and 808. In someinstances, the device may utilize one or more components, such as theprocessor 302, the memory 304, the code block module 308, thetransceiver 310, or the modem 312 to decode the plurality of interleavedcode block segments in blocks 804, 806, and 808.

At block 806, the device decodes a first subset of the plurality of codeblock segments associated with a first code block. Decoding the firstsubset of the plurality of code block segments may include decodingfirst data from the first subset and reencoding the first data togenerate a reference signal. The reference signal may be used indecoding a second subset of the plurality of code blocks at block 808.

At block 808, the device decodes a second subset of the plurality ofcode block segments associated with a second code block based on thetime and frequency locations of the first subset of code block segments,a code block proximity parameter, and optionally, the reference signalthat may be generated at block 806. The code block proximity parametermay constrain the placement of code block segments in various ways. Forexample, the code block proximity parameter may include time and/orfrequency offsets. A time offset may indicate how many units of time(e.g., symbol periods) a code block segment may be placed from adifferent code block segment, or provide a minimum, maximum, or range oftime units away from a different code block segment. In some instances,the time offset may be one symbol, or less than three symbol periods. Afrequency offset may indicate how far apart in a frequency band (e.g.,in subcarriers) a code block segment may be placed from a different codeblock segment, or the minimum or maximum such distance, or a range ofacceptable distances. In some instances, the frequency offset may be onesubcarrier, or less than three subcarriers.

FIG. 9 illustrates a communication sequence 900 according to someaspects of the present disclosure. At step 906, a first wireless device902, which may be a BS 105 or 200, or a different type of wirelessdevice, maps a plurality of code block segments associated with a firstcode block to time and frequency resources by interleaving the segmentsbased on a code block proximity parameter and the time and frequencylocations of code segments associated with a different code block. Atstep 908, the first wireless device 902 transmits the interleaved codeblock segments to a second wireless device 904, which may be a UE 115 or300, or a different type of wireless device. At step 910, the secondwireless device 904 deinterleaves and/or decodes the code block segmentsbased on a code block proximity parameter and the time and frequencylocations of code block segments associated with a different code block.

In additional aspects, data aided receiver techniques are provided. Suchtechniques can increase system/network capacity by eliminating pilots.Pilot elimination enables using reserved pilot space to transmit data.For example, assuming one code block spans one symbol, once a certaincode block has been decoded, it can be re-encoded. In re-encoded form,the re-encoded data may be used “pilots” to update channel estimationfor next symbols. By leveraging re-encoding techniques, pilottransmissions may not be utilized (i.e., pilots are not needed, andthose resources can be used for data transmission). In one deploymentexample, a code-block may span a symbol and therefore not have timediversity. Aspects enable code block interleaving in a way that eachcode block to have time and/or frequency diversity.

Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety ofdifferent technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions,commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may bereferenced throughout the above description may be represented byvoltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles,optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection withthe disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with ageneral-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmablelogic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardwarecomponents, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functionsdescribed herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor,but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor,controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also beimplemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combinationof a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or moremicroprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration).

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, softwareexecuted by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. Ifimplemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may bestored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on acomputer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are withinthe scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to thenature of software, functions described above can be implemented usingsoftware executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, orcombinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may alsobe physically located at various positions, including being distributedsuch that portions of functions are implemented at different physicallocations. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, “or” as usedin a list of items (for example, a list of items prefaced by a phrasesuch as “at least one of” or “one or more of”) indicates an inclusivelist such that, for example, a list of [at least one of A, B, or C]means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).

As those of some skill in this art will by now appreciate and dependingon the particular application at hand, many modifications, substitutionsand variations can be made in and to the materials, apparatus,configurations and methods of use of the devices of the presentdisclosure without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. In lightof this, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited tothat of the particular embodiments illustrated and described herein, asthey are merely by way of some examples thereof, but rather, should befully commensurate with that of the claims appended hereafter and theirfunctional equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:interleaving, by a first wireless communication device, a plurality ofcode block segments in time and frequency by: mapping a first code blocksegment of the plurality of code block segments to a first resourcelocated at a first time and a first frequency, wherein the first codeblock segment is associated with a first code block; and mapping asecond code block segment of the plurality of code block segments to asecond resource based on at least one of the first time or the firstfrequency of the first resource and a code block proximity parameter,wherein the second code block segment is associated with a second codeblock different from the first code block; and transmitting, by thefirst wireless communication device, the plurality of interleaved codeblock segments.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the code blockproximity parameter comprises at least one of a frequency offset or atime offset.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the frequency offset isless than three subcarriers.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the timeoffset is less than three symbol periods.
 5. The method of claim 2,wherein the time offset is one symbol.
 6. The method of claim 1, whereinthe transmitting includes: transmitting, by the first wirelesscommunication device, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) signalincluding the plurality of interleaved code block segments, wherein thePDSCH signal does not include a reference signal.
 7. The method of claim1, wherein the plurality of code block segments is associated with asequence of code blocks of a transport block, and wherein the code blockproximity parameter comprises at least one of a frequency offset or atime offset between adjacent code blocks within the sequence of codeblocks.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the code block proximityparameter comprises at least one of a frequency offset or a time offsetbetween code block segments of adjacent code blocks within the sequenceof code blocks.
 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the mapping the secondcode block segment associated with second code block is further based onthe second code block being adjacent to the first code block in thesequence of code blocks.
 10. The method of claim 7, wherein thefrequency offset is one subcarrier.
 11. A method of wirelesscommunication, comprising: receiving, by a first wireless communicationdevice, a plurality of code block segments interleaved in time andfrequency; decoding, by the first wireless communication device, theplurality of code block segments by: decoding a first subset of theplurality of code block segments from first resources at a first timeand a first frequency, wherein the first subset of the plurality of codeblock segments is associated with a first code block; and decoding asecond subset of the plurality of code block segments from secondresources based on the first time and the first frequency of the firstresources and a code block proximity parameter, wherein the secondsubset of the plurality of code block segments is associated with asecond code block.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein: decoding thefirst subset of the plurality of code block segments comprises:decoding, by the first wireless communication device, first data fromthe first subset of the plurality of code block segments associated withthe first code block; the method further comprises: reencoding, by thefirst wireless communication device, the first data to generate areference signal; and decoding the second subset of the plurality ofcode block segments comprises: decoding, by the first wirelesscommunication device based on the reference signal, second data from thesecond subset of the plurality of code block segments associated withthe second code block.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the codeblock proximity parameter comprises at least one of a frequency offsetor a time offset.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the frequencyoffset is less than three subcarriers.
 15. The method of claim 13,wherein the time offset is less than three symbol periods.
 16. Themethod of claim 13, wherein the frequency offset is one subcarrier. 17.The method of claim 13, wherein the time offset is one symbol.
 18. Anapparatus comprising: a processor configured to: interleave a pluralityof code block segments in time and frequency by: mapping a first codeblock segment of the plurality of code block segments to a firstresource located at a first time and a first frequency, wherein thefirst code block segment is associated with a first code block; andmapping a second code block segment of the plurality of code blocksegments to a second resource based on at least one of the first time orthe first frequency of the first resource and a code block proximityparameter, wherein the second code block segment is associated with asecond code block different from the first code block; and a transceiverconfigured to transmit the plurality of interleaved code block segments.19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the code block proximityparameter comprises at least one of a frequency offset or a time offset.20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the frequency offset is less thanthree subcarriers.
 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the timeoffset is less than three symbol periods.
 22. The apparatus of claim 19,wherein the time offset is one symbol.
 23. The apparatus of claim 18,wherein the transceiver is further configured to transmit the pluralityof interleaved code block segments by: transmitting a physical downlinkshared channel (PDSCH) signal including the plurality of interleavedcode block segments, wherein the PDSCH signal does not include areference signal.
 24. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the pluralityof code block segments is associated with a sequence of code blocks of atransport block, and wherein the code block proximity parametercomprises at least one of a frequency offset or a time offset betweenadjacent code blocks within the sequence of code blocks.
 25. Theapparatus of claim 18, wherein the code block proximity parametercomprises at least one of a frequency offset or a time offset betweencode block segments of adjacent code blocks within the sequence of codeblocks.
 26. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the mapping the secondcode block segment of the second code block is further based on thesecond code block being adjacent to the first code block in the sequenceof code blocks.
 27. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the frequencyoffset is one subcarrier.
 28. An apparatus comprising: a transceiverconfigured to receive a plurality of code block segments interleaved intime and frequency; and a processor configured to decode the pluralityof code block segments by: decoding a first subset of the plurality ofcode block segments from first resources at a first time and a firstfrequency, wherein the first subset of the plurality of code blocksegments is associated with a first code block; and decoding a secondsubset of the plurality of code block segments from second resourcesbased on the first time and the first frequency of the first resourcesand a code block proximity parameter, wherein the second subset of theplurality of code block segments is associated with a second code block.29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the processor is furtherconfigured to: decode the first subset of the plurality of code blocksegments by decoding first data from the first subset of the pluralityof code block segments associated with the first code block; reencodethe first data to generate a reference signal; and decode the secondsubset of the plurality of code block segments by decoding, based on thereference signal, second data from the second subset of the plurality ofcode block segments associated with the second code block.
 30. Theapparatus of claim 28, wherein the code block proximity parametercomprises at least one of a frequency offset or a time offset.